Computer Networking Fundamentals

In the past, when two persons were willing toLAN can occupy a room, a floor, a building such
share data between each other, they wereas company, or at most a group of adjacent
relying on movable disks such as floppy disks andbuildings. The MAN (Metropolitan Area Network)
CD-ROM. These ways of transmitting datacan occupy a whole city or even a while state. On
between remote computers are often difficultthe other hand, the WAN can occupy a whole
especially if the files will be transmitted verycountry, group of countries, or even the whole
often.world.
Because of the above difficulties in transmittingThe second classification is according to the data
data across movable disks, the idea ofdistribution across the network and how the
networking two or more computer has beencomputers that are connected to each other are
arisen. Instead of transmitting the files acrosstreated. There two types of networks according
movable disks, the computers are connected toto this classification. The first one is peer to peer
each other by cables through ports on thenetwork. The meaning of this classification is that
computer. When someone needs to transmit theall computers in the network are treated as equal.
data to another computer, he simply can shareThus the size of the data on one computer can
the files he needs to transmit across the network.be equal to the size on another computer. Also
This way no movable disk is needed and thethe processing and storage power of the all
matter is easier.devices are equal. Thus there is no computer on
When talking about computer networking, onethe network that is higher in value than the other
must differentiate between the many types thatcomputer. Hence the name peer to peer network.
exist for the network. The computer networkThe second type of networks according to the
can be classified according to the geographicalabove classification is the client-server network. In
area they occupy or according to the mannerthis type, the matter is different in that not all
they will behave when sharing and accessing datacomputers are equal in value. At the least, there
between the computers in the network.is one computer (that is called the server) that
Let us first see how they are classified accordinghas much processing power and storage power.
to the geographical area. The meaning of thisTherefore the data is stored on that computer to
classification is how much the network will occupybe shared across the network. Every computer
or simply what the size of the network is. Therethat needs some data that is shared across the
are three types for any networks according tonetwork can take it from the server only. This is
this classification. They are the LAN, WAN, andbecause all computers other than the server have
MAN. The LAN (Local Area Network) has theless sizes of memory and also processor power.
smallest size with respect to the other types. The