An Introduction to Your Home's Electrical System

Electricity has become an absolutely essential partconditioners, electric ovens, furnaces, etc. require
of modern life. It is used to power the largestboth hot wires, using 240-volts of electricity. All
industries down to the smallest householdelectrical circuits require the presence of the
convenience. In your home, electricity is used toneutral line.
power appliances, furnaces, light fixtures, andAn electric meter is located at the point where
many other items. Have you ever wondered howthe electricity arrives at the house. This device
exactly your home's electrical system works?tracks the amount of energy delivered and
Componentsconsumed by the household. From here, the
Your home's electrical system is comprised ofpower is channeled to the main service panel,
many different parts, including incoming powercommonly referred to as a "breaker box". The
lines or conduit, an electric meter, service panelsmain panel is the central distribution point for the
and subpanels, household wiring, electrical outlets,entire building's power supply. To understand how
switches, and the appliances that use this power.this works, one must understand how an electrical
These items can be separated into two distinctcircuit works.
categories: rough-in components and finishIn order for electricity to flow, it must be
components. Rough-in components are theprovided with a stable, continuous closed path
electrical elements in your home that are installedfrom beginning to end, with contact never being
during the beginning phases of construction, suchbroken. Like a circle, the power will travel from
as wires, cables, and electrical boxes. On thethe power source to the device, and then return
other hand, finish components are the elementsback to the power source.
that are added to your home's structure towardsThis is why the main service panel is commonly
the end of construction, such as outlets, switches,called the "circuit breaker box". It provides a way
and light fixtures.of purposely breaking the circuit, in order to
How it Worksperform service or repair, or to guard against
Electricity is sent to your house from the utilitysafety hazards. From the main panel, electricity is
company through overhead power lines and/ordiverted to individual circuits which provide power
underground conduits. This power is deliveredto separate areas and aspects of the home.
most commonly through three main lines, calledSometimes, power is sent to sub-panels in other
three-wire service. This is the type of energyareas of the home and then on to the electrical
delivery system that most households have.circuits which run throughout the house. These
There are two "hot" wires, which each delivercircuits provide power to the many power
120-volts of electricity, and one neutral wire. Mostoutlets, or receptacles, and light fixtures in your
household lights and appliances use 120-volts, onlyhome, allowing you to operate all your household
requiring the use of one hot wire. However, largerelectronic appliances and lights.
appliances and electrical devices, such as air